I watched my children do their homework someday. He began to learn to write and was very clumsy and hard as if I was painting! It occurred to me that if you use a thicker pencil, you don’t have to work so hard! So I’ll share it with you!
1. Classify according to the material used in the pencil pole.
It is divided into wooden pencils, plastic pencils, paper pencils, and mechanical pencils.
1) Wooden pencil
Traditional pencils are wooden pencils. Here it is a history, there was a carpenter named William Monroe in the United States. In two wooden slats, he engraved with a groove, a black lead core was embedded, and two wooden slats were stuck together to make the world’s first pencil, which is the most common and practical wooden pencil.
2) Plastic pencil
Traditional pencils are wooden pencils made from wood. But, the raw material generation cycle is slow and the production process is complicated. Plastic pencils are plastic (PS) as pencil raw materials, which do not cut down trees and protect forests.
The plastic pencil has many advantages over wooden pencils:
- It’s not easy to break the core when the plastic pencil falls straight from a high place.
- The curls from the sharpened plastic pencil can be connected to a flower-like shape. If the plastic pencil is damaged or discarded, it can be recycled and redone (I can make a new pencil for you if I can collect these curls).
- If the plastic pencil is broken, there will be no wooden penstocks and thorns, and there will be no harm to children.
- The shape of the plastic pencil is diversified and can be customized by customers.
- Plastic pencils can be used as erasers.
- Safe and non-toxic exported to Europe, the Americas, and the Middle East. All environmental safety tests can be passed, and they have much higher requirements than China.
- Raw materials come from a wide range of large, safe and friendly PS plastic manufacturers in China.
- It’s not as convenient to write as wooden pencils. At present, there are only 2B, HB, and H pencils on the market that meet the hardness and softness requirements.
- The production process has been reduced by at least half, and all costs have been much lower, which can compete with the wooden pencils’ market.
3) Paper pencil
The production process of newspaper pencils is to tidy up the old newspapers, press them with cement prefabricated parts and other heavy objects. Then, according to the size of the pencil, the old newspaper was cut into six parts, the graphite pencil coil was glued to the top of the cut newspaper, the newspaper was soaked in special glue, passed through a special pencil machine, and an old newspaper became a hard pencil.
Recycled paper is a paper produced from waste paper, which is broken, decolored, and pulped through a variety of processes. The pencil-making process is the same as newspaper pencils.
4) Mechanical pencil
Mechanical pencil is a pencil whose spring returns to its original position after the pressure is released. Mechanical pencils are divided into thick core and fine core mechanical pencils according to the diameter of the pencil core. According to the core-out method, it can be divided into core falling mechanical pencil, rotating mechanical pencil, pulsating mechanical pencil and automatic compensation mechanical pencil.
The falling core type automatically discharges the lead core by the gravity of the lead core. The rotary type conveys the lead core by rotation.
The pulsation type (press type) conveys the lead core by pressing, and the structure has a single press type, that is, the lead core is produced by pressing once.
The second press type (two-stage, known as double knock), the first press the nib to extend the pen barrel, the second press the lead core to extend.
Double chuck press type, adopting double chuck structure, shorten the distance between the chuck and the tip of the pen tip, so that the last remaining 8~15mm in the mechanical pencil has a residual lead core, and a whole lead can be produced without pressing. Push it out by the core and you can write.
Automatic compensation type (automatic core output) without rotation or pulsation device, can automatically compensate the lead core, continuous writing. The front flip can press the tip of the pen to discharge lead.
2. Classified by style of pencil
Pencil types include: “wooden pencils”, “sharpened pencils”, and “pencils with caps”.
“Ordinary penholder” means that the pencil manufacturer presses the lead of the pencil with a wooden rod. This kind of pencil requires consumers to sharpen the nib before it can be used. In addition, there is a small eraser at the end of the ordinary pencil shaft. It is more convenient to reverse the pen to erase errors. It was invented by American painter Aman.
“Sharpened pencil” is a kind of pencil product that is sold by processing a pencil shaft with a certain length of nib. “Pencil with cap” is a combination of a pencil shaft and a pencil cap.
3. According to the raw materials, it can be divided into graphite pencils, color pencils and special pencils
1) Graphite pencil
According to the hardness of the pencil lead, generally “H” means a hard pencil, “B” means a soft pencil, “HB” means a pencil with moderate hardness, and “F” means a pencil with a hardness between HB and H.
Arrangement (from soft to hard) 9B, 8B, 7B, 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, 7H, 8H, 9H, 10H, etc. Hardness level.
The larger the number in front of H, the harder the lead and the lighter the color. The larger the number in front of B, the softer the lead and the darker the color. The classification of pencil shafts is based on the amount of graphite in the pen core.
Among them, H type pencils have relatively high pen core hardness, which is suitable for objects with relatively hard or clear interfaces, such as woodworking markings, field drawings, etc.; HB type pencils have moderate hardness, which is suitable for general writing or writing. Contour
Class B pencils have relatively soft refills, which are suitable for painting and can also be used to fill in some machine-recognizable cards. For example, we often use 2B pencils to fill in answer sheets. In addition, there is a common color pencil shaft, which is commonly referred to as a colored pencil, which is mainly used for drawing.
2) Color pencils
Lead colored pencils. The lead core is composed of clay, pigment, talc, adhesive, grease, and wax. Used for marking symbols, drawing, drawing charts and maps, etc. Color pencils are usually packed in sets (6, 12, 24, 36, 64 colors).
3) Special pencils
Including glass pencils, color changing pencils, charcoal pencils, drawing pencils, watercolor pencils, pastel pencils, etc., each has its own special purpose.
Glass pencils are used in industries, medicine, national defense, surveying and other sectors. They play a major role in writing or marking on surfaces such as glass, metal, enamel, ceramics, leather, plastic, and plexiglass.
Color changing pencils are known as copy pencils. The handwriting cannot be erased with an eraser, which is suitable for writing important documents stored for a long time and recording accounts.
The drawing pencil is also called the tracing pencil. There will be a shading effect, used to directly display the drawing
Extended information:
Use attention
The pencil lead is not poisonous. the main raw materials for making pencil lead are graphite and clay, so pencil lead is non-toxic.
The main components of the pencil core are graphite and clay. Graphite is a scaly solid with metallic luster. Among them, there are carbon-carbon chemical bonds. The layers are Van der Waals forces. The carbon-carbon chemical bonds are very stable. There is nothing in the human body that can break the carbon-carbon chemical bond, so it is safe to say that the pencil lead is safe. The appearance of the pencil shaft is wrapped with a film or the use of pencil lacquer technology. On the one hand, it can protect the pencil shaft, and on the other hand, it can increase the beauty.
Manufacturing process
Taking wooden pencils as an example, they are roughly divided into four steps: lead, pencil slat, pencil shaft and exterior decoration.
1) The manufacture of pencil lead
A. Graphite lead core: firstly, the lead core material, which is mixed and ground and dispersed by clay, graphite, etc., is transformed from a loose sheet into a round lead core through a mold under the action of external force, which is called pressing core; Drying, commonly known as drying core; then roasting and oil immersion of the lead core.
B. Manufacturing of color lead core: There are two methods. One is the immersion method, which divides the production of lead cores into two stages. , clay, talc, pigments and adhesives are mixed and pressed into lead cores; then the dried lead cores are placed in an oil immersion pot. Under a certain temperature, the lead core can absorb grease to form a colored lead core. Russia, Germany, Pakistan, and other countries adopt this method. The other is the mixing method, which is to mix clay, talcum powder, pigments, and grease, press the core, and dry to make the color lead core. China and Japan use this method for production.
2) The production of pencil slat
The log should be untied, cut, dried, dyed, and degenerated.
3) The production of pencil shaft
Go through the process of planing groove, rubber core, glue slat bundle clamping and drying, grinding head, and planing rod.
4) Appearance decoration
The exterior decoration of the pencil must be painted and printed, cut, printed logo, rubberized tip, sharpened pencil tip, sticky tip, etc.